Factors Influencing Cervical Cancer Screening among Women of Reproductive Age
Abstract
It is possible that an increase in incidence or better diagnosis over time has led to an increase in cancer cases, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women, and it is expected that this number will continue to rise. The main underlying factor in cervical cancer is the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a common sexually transmitted infection. HPV transmission and Ca have risk factors attached to them. Knowledge of them will be very helpful in the Ca. when it comes to cancer. cervix conflict. Although there is a fair amount of general knowledge about cervical cancer prevention, little is known about screening in particular. Additionally, it was thought favorable to prevent cervical cancer. The majority of the women in this study relied primarily on radios, medical professionals, and networks of close friends and family members for their information.
References
Twinomujuni C, Nuwaha F, Babirye JN. Understanding the low level of Cervical cancer screening in Masaka Uganda using the ASE model: A community-based survey. PLoSONE. 2015; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128498
Obeagu EI, Obeagu GU. An update on premalignant cervical lesions and cervical cancer screening services among HIV positive women. J Pub Health Nutri. 2023; 6 (2):1-2. https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/an-update-on-premalignant-cervical-lesions-and-cervical-cancer-screening-services-among-hiv-positive-women.pdf
Vu M, Yu J, Awolude OA, Chuang L. Cervical cancer worldwide. Current problems in cancer. 2018 Sep 1;42(5):457-65. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2018.06.003
Akandinda M, Obeagu EI, Madekwe CC, Nakyeyune S. A Review on Factors Associated with HPV Vaccination in Africa. Madonna University journal of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2022;2(3):1-5. https://madonnauniversity.edu.ng/journals/index.php/medicine/article/view/68
Ndejjo, R., Mukama, T., Kiguli, J., & Musoke, D. (2017). Knowledge, facilitators and barriers to cervical cancer screening among women in Uganda: a qualitative study. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016282
Nakisige C, Schwartz M, Ndira AO. Cervical cancer screening and treatment in Uganda. Gynecologic oncology reports. 2017; 20:37-40. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gore.2017.01.009
Nankya E. Factors Influencing Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening among Female Employees of Mulago Hospital (Doctoral dissertation, International Health Sciences University).
AieshaKhatun N, Gudi SN. A Comparative Study of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid and Papsmear in Screening Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Sch Int J ObstetGynec. 2021;4(6):241-9. https://www.saudijournals.com/media/articles/SIJOG_46_241-249.pdf
Obeagu EI, Byukusenge C, Obeagu GU. A Review on Young Women. Eurasian Experiment Journal of Biological Sciences, 2023; 4(1):92-96.
Obeagu EI, Bot YS, Uzoma G. A Review on Cervical Cancer Vaccination. Eurasian Experiment Journal of Public Health, 2023; 4(1): 37-39.
Kessler TA. Cervical cancer: prevention and early detection. Seminars in oncology nursing 2017; 33 (2):172-183. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2017.02.005
Bengtsson E, Malm P. Screening for cervical cancer using automated analysis of PAP-smears. Computational and mathematical methods in medicine. 2014. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/842037
Balasubramaniam SD, Balakrishnan V, Oon CE, Kaur G. Key molecular events in cervical cancer development. Medicina. 2019;55(7):384. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070384
Gomez DT, Santos JL. Human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer: pathogenesis and epidemiology. Communicating current research and educational topics and trends in applied microbiology. 2007; 1:680-8.
Denny L, Anorlu R. Cervical cancer in Africa. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention. 2012; 21(9):1434-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0334
Maranga IO, Hampson L, Oliver AW, Gamal A, Gichangi P, Opiyo A, Holland CM, Hampson IN. Analysis of factors contributing to the low survival of cervical cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy in Kenya. PloS one. 2013;8(10):e78411. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078411
Woldetsadik AB, Amhare AF, Bitew ST, Pei L, Lei J, Han J. Socio-demographic characteristics and associated factors influencing cervical cancer screening among women attending in St. Paul’s Teaching and Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. BMC women's health. 2020; 20:1-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-020-00927-5
Dolan NC, Lee AM, McDermott MM. Age‐related differences in breast carcinoma knowledge, beliefs, and perceived risk among women visiting an academic general medicine practice. Cancer: Interdisciplinary International Journal of the American Cancer Society. 1997;80(3):413-20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19970801)80:3%3C413::aid-cncr9%3E3.0.co;2-s
Arulogun OS, Maxwell OO. Perception and utilization of cervical cancer screening services among female nurses in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Pan African Medical Journal. 2012;11(1). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22655103/
Shrestha J, Saha R, Tripathi N. Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding cervical cancer screening amongst women visiting tertiary centre in Kathmandu, Nepal. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2013;2(2):85-90.
Al Sairafi M, Mohamed FA. Knowledge, attitudes, and practice related to cervical cancer screening among Kuwaiti women. Medical Principles and Practice. 2008;18(1):35-42. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000163044
Greibe Andersen J, Shrestha AD, Gyawali B, Neupane D, Kallestrup P. Barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening uptake among women in Nepal–a qualitative study. Women & health. 2020;60(9):963-74. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2020.1781742
Sankaranarayanan R, Budukh AM, Rajkumar R. Effective screening programmes for cervical cancer in low-and middle-income developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2001; 79(10):954-62. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11693978/
CholeS Study Group, West Midlands Research Collaborative, Vohra RS, Pasquali S, Kirkham AJ, Marriott P, Johnstone M, Spreadborough P, Alderson D, Griffiths EA, Fenwick S, Elmasry M. Population‐based cohort study of outcomes following cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder diseases. British Journal of Surgery. 2016;103(12):1704-15. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.10287
Nwankwo KC, Aniebue UU, Aguwa EN, Anarado AN, Agunwah E. Knowledge attitudes and practices of cervical cancer screening among urban and rural Nigerian women: a call for education and mass screening. European journal of cancer care. 2011;20(3):362-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2354.2009.01175.x
Fentie AM, Tadesse TB, Gebretekle GB. Factors affecting cervical cancer screening uptake, visual inspection with acetic acid positivity and its predictors among women attending cervical cancer screening service in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC women's health. 2020;20(1):1-0. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-020-01008-3
Ogbonna FS. Knowledge, attitude, and experience of cervical cancer and screening among Sub-saharan African female students in a UK University. Annals of African medicine. 2017; 16(1):18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5452699/
Ifemelumma CC, Anikwe CC, Okorochukwu BC, Onu FA, Obuna JA, Ejikeme BN, Ezeonu OP. Cervical cancer screening: assessment of perception and utilization of services among health workers in low resource setting. International journal of reproductive medicine. 2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6505482
Gathirua-Mwangi W, Cohee A, Tarver WL, Marley A, Biederman E, Stump T, Monahan P, Rawl S, Skinner CS, Champion VL. Factors associated with adherence to mammography screening among insured women differ by income levels. Women's Health Issues. 2018;28(5):462-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2018.06.001
Weinstein ND. Perceived probability, perceived severity, and health-protective behavior. Health psychology. 2000;19(1):65-74. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-6133.19.1.65
Chidyaonga-Maseko F, Chirwa ML, Muula AS. Underutilization of cervical cancer prevention services in low- and middle-income countries: a review of contributing factors. Pan African medical journal. 2015;21(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2015.21.231.6350
Ncube B, Bey A, Knight J, Bessler P, Jolly PE. Factors associated with the uptake of cervical cancer screening among women in Portland, Jamaica. North American journal of medical sciences. 2015;7(3):104. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4382764/
Chua B, Ma V, Asjes C, Lim A, Mohseni M, Wee HL. Barriers to and facilitators of cervical cancer screening among women in Southeast Asia: a systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021; 18(9):4586. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094586
Lyimo FS, Beran TN. Demographic, knowledge, attitudinal, and accessibility factors associated with uptake of cervical cancer screening among women in a rural district of Tanzania: three public policy implications. BMC public health. 2012;12(1):1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-22
Lim JN, Ojo AA. Barriers to utilisation of cervical cancer screening in Sub Sahara Africa: a systematic review. European journal of cancer care. 2017;26(1):e12444. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12444
Graboyes EM, Chaiyachati KH, Sisto Gall J, Johnson W, Krishnan JA, McManus SS, Thompson L, Shulman LN, Yabroff KR. Addressing transportation insecurity among patients with cancer. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2022; 114(12):1593-600. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djac134
